/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Visualization Toolkit
  Module:    vtkLightKit.h

  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
// .NAME vtkLightKit - a simple but quality lighting kit
// .SECTION Description
// vtkLightKit is designed to make general purpose lighting of vtk
// scenes simple, flexible, and attractive (or at least not horribly
// ugly without significant effort).  Use a LightKit when you want
// more control over your lighting than you can get with the default
// vtk light, which is a headlight located at the camera. (HeadLights
// are very simple to use, but they don't show the shape of objects very 
// well, don't give a good sense of "up" and "down", and don't evenly
// light the object.)
//
// A LightKit consists of three lights, a key light, a fill light, and
// a headlight.  The main light is the key light.  It is usually
// positioned so that it appears like an overhead light (like the sun,
// or a ceiling light).  It is generally positioned to shine down on the
// scene from about a 45 degree angle vertically and at least a little
// offset side to side.  The key light usually at least about twice as 
// bright as the total of all other lights in the scene to provide good
// modeling of object features.
// 
// The other lights in the kit (the fill light, headlight, and a pair of
// back lights) are weaker sources that provide extra
// illumination to fill in the spots that the key light misses.  The
// fill light is usually positioned across from or opposite from the
// key light (though still on the same side of the object as the
// camera) in order to simulate diffuse reflections from other objects
// in the scene.  The headlight, always located at the position of the
// camera, reduces the contrast between areas lit by the key and fill
// light. The two back lights, one on the left of the object as seen
// from the observer and one on the right, fill on the high-contrast
// areas behind the object.  To enforce the relationship between the
// different lights, the intensity of the fill, back and headlights
// are set as a ratio to the key light brightness.  Thus, the
// brightness of all the lights in the scene can be changed by
// changing the key light intensity.
//
// All lights are directional lights (infinitely far away with no
// falloff).  Lights move with the camera.
//
// For simplicity, the position of lights in the LightKit can only be
// specified using angles: the elevation (latitude) and azimuth
// (longitude) of each light with respect to the camera, expressed in
// degrees.  (Lights always shine on the camera's lookat point.) For
// example, a light at (elevation=0, azimuth=0) is located at the
// camera (a headlight).  A light at (elevation=90, azimuth=0) is
// above the lookat point, shining down.  Negative azimuth values move
// the lights clockwise as seen above, positive values
// counter-clockwise.  So, a light at (elevation=45, azimuth=-20) is
// above and in front of the object and shining slightly from the left
// side.
//
// vtkLightKit limits the colors that can be assigned to any light to
// those of incandescent sources such as light bulbs and sunlight.  It
// defines a special color spectrum called "warmth" from which light
// colors can be chosen, where 0 is cold blue, 0.5 is neutral white,
// and 1 is deep sunset red.  Colors close to 0.5 are "cool whites" and
// "warm whites," respectively. 
//
// Since colors far from white on the warmth scale appear less bright,
// key-to-fill and key-to-headlight ratios are skewed by 
// key, fill, and headlight colors.  If the flag MaintainLuminance
// is set, vtkLightKit will attempt to compensate for these perceptual
// differences by increasing the brightness of more saturated colors.
//
// A LightKit is not explicitly part of the vtk pipeline.  Rather, it
// is a composite object that controls the behavior of lights using a
// unified user interface.  Every time a parameter of vtkLightKit is
// adjusted, the properties of its lights are modified.
//
// .SECTION Credits
// vtkLightKit was originally written and contributed to vtk by
// Michael Halle (mhalle@bwh.harvard.edu) at the Surgical Planning
// Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

#ifndef __vtkLightKit_h
#define __vtkLightKit_h

#include "vtkObject.h"

class vtkLight;
class vtkPiecewiseFunction;
class vtkRenderer;

class VTK_RENDERING_EXPORT vtkLightKit : public vtkObject
{
public:
  static vtkLightKit *New();
  vtkTypeMacro(vtkLightKit, vtkObject);
  void PrintSelf(ostream& os, vtkIndent indent);

  //BTX
  enum LightKitType {
    TKeyLight,
    TFillLight,
    TBackLight,
    THeadLight
  };

  enum  LightKitSubType {
    Warmth,
    Intensity,
    Elevation,
    Azimuth,
    KFRatio,
    KBRatio,
    KHRatio
  };

  //ETX

  // Description:
  // Set/Get the intensity of the key light.  The key light is the
  // brightest light in the scene.  The intensities of the other two
  // lights are ratios of the key light's intensity.  
  vtkSetMacro(KeyLightIntensity, double);  
  vtkGetMacro(KeyLightIntensity, double);

  // Description: 
  // Set/Get the key-to-fill ratio.  This ratio controls
  // how bright the fill light is compared to the key light: larger
  // values correspond to a dimmer fill light.  The purpose of the
  // fill light is to light parts of the object not lit by the key
  // light, while still maintaining constrast.  This type of lighting
  // may correspond to indirect illumination from the key light, bounced
  // off a wall, floor, or other object.  The fill light should never
  // be brighter than the key light:  a good range for the key-to-fill
  // ratio is between 2 and 10.
  vtkSetClampMacro(KeyToFillRatio, double, 0.5, VTK_DOUBLE_MAX);
  vtkGetMacro(KeyToFillRatio, double);

  // Description: 
  // Set/Get the key-to-headlight ratio.  Similar to the key-to-fill
  // ratio, this ratio controls how bright the headlight light is
  // compared to the key light: larger values correspond to a dimmer
  // headlight light.  The headlight is special kind of fill light,
  // lighting only the parts of the object that the camera can see.
  // As such, a headlight tends to reduce the contrast of a scene.  It
  // can be used to fill in "shadows" of the object missed by the key
  // and fill lights.  The headlight should always be significantly
  // dimmer than the key light:  ratios of 2 to 15 are typical.
  vtkSetClampMacro(KeyToHeadRatio, double, 0.5, VTK_DOUBLE_MAX);
  vtkGetMacro(KeyToHeadRatio, double);

  // Description: 
  // Set/Get the key-to-back light ratio.  This ratio controls
  // how bright the back lights are compared to the key light: larger
  // values correspond to dimmer back lights.  The back lights fill
  // in the remaining high-contrast regions behind the object.
  // Values between 2 and 10 are good.
  vtkSetClampMacro(KeyToBackRatio, double, 0.5, VTK_DOUBLE_MAX);
  vtkGetMacro(KeyToBackRatio, double);

  // Description: 
  // Set the warmth of each the lights.  Warmth is a parameter that
  // varies from 0 to 1, where 0 is "cold" (looks icy or lit by a very
  // blue sky), 1 is "warm" (the red of a very red sunset, or the
  // embers of a campfire), and 0.5 is a neutral white.  The warmth
  // scale is non-linear. Warmth values close to 0.5 are subtly
  // "warmer" or "cooler," much like a warmer tungsten incandescent
  // bulb, a cooler halogen, or daylight (cooler still).  Moving
  // further away from 0.5, colors become more quickly varying towards
  // blues and reds.  With regards to aesthetics, extremes of warmth
  // should be used sparingly.
  vtkSetMacro(KeyLightWarmth, double);
  vtkGetMacro(KeyLightWarmth, double);

  vtkSetMacro(FillLightWarmth, double);
  vtkGetMacro(FillLightWarmth, double);

  vtkSetMacro(HeadLightWarmth, double);
  vtkGetMacro(HeadLightWarmth, double);

  vtkSetMacro(BackLightWarmth, double);
  vtkGetMacro(BackLightWarmth, double);

  // Description:
  // Returns the floating-point RGB values of each of the light's color.
  vtkGetVectorMacro(KeyLightColor,  double, 3);
  vtkGetVectorMacro(FillLightColor, double, 3);
  vtkGetVectorMacro(HeadLightColor, double, 3);
  vtkGetVectorMacro(BackLightColor, double, 3);

  // Description:
  // To maintain a deprecation API:
  VTK_LEGACY(void SetHeadlightWarmth(double v));
  VTK_LEGACY(double GetHeadlightWarmth());
  VTK_LEGACY(void GetHeadlightColor(double *color));

  // Description:
  // If MaintainLuminance is set, the LightKit will attempt to maintain
  // the apparent intensity of lights based on their perceptual brightnesses.
  // By default, MaintainLuminance is off.
  vtkBooleanMacro(MaintainLuminance, int);
  vtkGetMacro(MaintainLuminance, int);
  vtkSetMacro(MaintainLuminance, int);

  // Description: 
  // Get/Set the position of the key, fill, and back lights
  // using angular methods.  Elevation corresponds to latitude,
  // azimuth to longitude.  It is recommended that the key light
  // always be on the viewer's side of the object and above the
  // object, while the fill light generally lights the part of the object
  // not lit by the fill light.  The headlight, which is always located
  // at the viewer, can then be used to reduce the contrast in the image.
  // There are a pair of back lights.  They are located at the same
  // elevation and at opposing azimuths (ie, one to the left, and one to
  // the right).  They are generally set at the equator (elevation = 0),
  // and at approximately 120 degrees (lighting from each side and behind).
  void SetKeyLightAngle(double elevation, double azimuth);
  void SetKeyLightAngle(double angle[2]) { 
    this->SetKeyLightAngle(angle[0], angle[1]); };

  void SetKeyLightElevation(double x) {
    this->SetKeyLightAngle(x, this->KeyLightAngle[1]); };

  void SetKeyLightAzimuth(double x) {
    this->SetKeyLightAngle(this->KeyLightAngle[0], x); };

  vtkGetVectorMacro(KeyLightAngle, double, 2);
  double GetKeyLightElevation() {
    double ang[2]; this->GetKeyLightAngle(ang); return ang[0]; };

  double GetKeyLightAzimuth() {
    double ang[2]; this->GetKeyLightAngle(ang); return ang[1]; };

  void SetFillLightAngle(double elevation, double azimuth);
  void SetFillLightAngle(double angle[2]) { 
    this->SetFillLightAngle(angle[0], angle[1]); };

  void SetFillLightElevation(double x) {
    this->SetFillLightAngle(x, this->FillLightAngle[1]); };

  void SetFillLightAzimuth(double x) {
    this->SetFillLightAngle(this->FillLightAngle[0], x); };

  vtkGetVectorMacro(FillLightAngle, double, 2);
  double GetFillLightElevation() {
    double ang[2]; this->GetFillLightAngle(ang); return ang[0]; };

  double GetFillLightAzimuth() {
    double ang[2]; this->GetFillLightAngle(ang); return ang[1]; };

  void SetBackLightAngle(double elevation, double azimuth);
  void SetBackLightAngle(double angle[2]) { 
    this->SetBackLightAngle(angle[0], angle[1]); };

  void SetBackLightElevation(double x) {
    this->SetBackLightAngle(x, this->BackLightAngle[1]); };

  void SetBackLightAzimuth(double x) {
    this->SetBackLightAngle(this->BackLightAngle[0], x); };

  vtkGetVectorMacro(BackLightAngle, double, 2);
  double GetBackLightElevation() {
    double ang[2]; this->GetBackLightAngle(ang); return ang[0]; };

  double GetBackLightAzimuth() {
    double ang[2]; this->GetBackLightAngle(ang); return ang[1]; };

  // Description:
  // Add lights to, or remove lights from, a renderer.  
  // Lights may be added to more than one renderer, if desired.
  void AddLightsToRenderer(vtkRenderer *renderer);
  void RemoveLightsFromRenderer(vtkRenderer *renderer);

  void DeepCopy(vtkLightKit *kit);

  void Modified();
  void Update();

  // Description:
  // Helper method to go from a enum type to a string type
  static const char *GetStringFromType(int type);

  // Description:
  // Helper method to go from a enum subtype to a string subtype
  static const char *GetStringFromSubType(int type);

  // Description:
  // Helper method to go from a enum subtype to a string subtype
  // The difference from GetStringFromSubType is that it returns
  // a shorter strings (useful for GUI with minimun space)
  static const char *GetShortStringFromSubType(int subtype);
  
  // Description:
  // Return the possible subtype from a given type. You have to pass
  // in a number i [0,3] no check is done. 
  static LightKitSubType GetSubType(LightKitType type, int i);

protected:
  vtkLightKit();
  ~vtkLightKit();

  void WarmthToRGBI(double w, double rgb[3], double& i);
  void WarmthToRGB(double w, double rgb[3]);
  void InitializeWarmthFunctions();
  double WarmthToIntensity(double w);


  double KeyLightIntensity;
  double KeyToFillRatio;
  double KeyToHeadRatio;
  double KeyToBackRatio;
  
  vtkLight *KeyLight;
  double KeyLightWarmth;
  double KeyLightAngle[2];
  double KeyLightColor[3];

  vtkLight *FillLight;
  double FillLightWarmth;
  double FillLightAngle[2];
  double FillLightColor[3];

  double BackLightWarmth;
  double BackLightColor[3];

  vtkLight *BackLight0;
  vtkLight *BackLight1;

  double BackLightAngle[2];

  vtkLight *HeadLight;
  double HeadLightWarmth;
  double HeadLightColor[3];

  int MaintainLuminance;

  vtkPiecewiseFunction *WarmthFunction[4]; // r, g, b, perceptual length

private:
  vtkLightKit(const vtkLightKit&);  // Not implemented.
  void operator=(const vtkLightKit&);  // Not implemented.
};

#endif
